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forschung:applying_formal_methods_for_qos_provisioning_in_mobile_architectures [2009/09/24 12:37] barakat angelegt |
forschung:applying_formal_methods_for_qos_provisioning_in_mobile_architectures [2009/09/24 16:10] barakat |
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| - | <html> | + | Applying Formal Methods for QoS Provisioning in Mobile Architectures |
| + | This project focuses on the application of formal methods to model and manage QoS for Network Mobility. The field of network mobility is gaining ground in telecommunications because of the evolution of broadband technologies and the increasing applications that demand broadband access, e.g. connectivity in public transportation and IMS. Network Mobility is the field that considers sets of mobile devices moving together as one entity with one or more access points which are called mobile routers. These networks are standardized under the IETF-RFC3963 specification also known as NEMO Basic Support, while QoS challenges are described in IETF-RFC4980. NEMO BS is an extension to MIPv6 described under IETF-RFC3775. Mobile routers can possess multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) and have to perform real-time operations, e.g. handover, managing binding updates, merging/splitting mobile networks and managing QoS. The intelligent management of mobility, data streams of different QoS requirements and the available RATs makes the formalization of this problem a necessity due to its complexity. The importance of this study comes from the industry focus on network operator’s IP services, especially IMS. NEMO BS provides a solution for this system and at the same time requires investment in research to improve QoS. | ||
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| - | <html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" | + | Work Plan |
| - | xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" | + | This work consists of two main parts; building the formal model and simulating the NEMO protocol. These parts are to be run in parallel to achieve interdependability between each other. This means that simulation measurements will be used to support theoretic hypothesis made by the formalized description of the QoS problem. On the other hand, formal tools have to be implemented in order to be able to incorporate extensions which in turn will allow making predictions of the behavior of the modeled system in a similar way to simulations. This means that these tools will be designed to be able to generate quantitative as well as qualitative conclusions. |
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| - | <head> | + | The Formal Model |
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| - | <title>Applying Formal Methods for QoS Provisioning in Mobile Architectures</title> | + | |
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| - | <o:Author>Kamal Barakat</o:Author> | + | |
| - | <o:LastAuthor>Kamal Barakat</o:LastAuthor> | + | |
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| - | <!-- | + | |
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| - | <body lang=DE link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:35.4pt'> | + | Π-Calculus is a modeling formality that focuses on communicating processes. It offers firm representation of connectivity and messaging using math-like expressions. Π-Calculus had initially a monadic syntax where single arguments are passed through channels. Later on, polyadic π-Calculus was introduced to allow pushing sets of arguments at once over the communication channels. Process replication was also introduced. In the higher order π-Calculus, process names can be exchanged through the channels too. Some research uses available syntax to express problems like QoS while others ground their own flavor of it by introducing modifications to the syntax like spi-Calculus which is specifically suitable for cryptology. One more example is Ambient-Calculus which concerns itself with defining computation domains or ambiences where communication between local processes happens within its boundary, ambiences can move and communication crossing the border is analogous to crossing firewalls. The extensibility, expressiveness, flexibility and firm formality of π-Calculus make it the most suitable tool for modeling communication protocols and prototypes of enhancements. This work aims to make further contributions to π-Calculus in order to achieve the following: |
| + | * Π-Calculus is founded on the principle of state automata. Consequently, processes in π-Calculus interact and switch their states upon reception of messages over communication channels, which means that message reception among processes triggers the interaction and causes the system to evolve. However, modeling real-world systems needs more than that. The notion of time is currently unavailable in the syntax of π-Calculus, which makes it unsuitable for performing simulations in which particular events take place at certain points of time, e.g. time-out events. In this work we aim to introduce a new component in the syntax of π-Calculus to enable it to model timed events. | ||
| + | * Π-Calculus is suitable for deducing qualitative conclusions about processes’ interaction and states. However, more meaningful verification results can be made when quantitative conclusions are made from the π-Calculus model such as bandwidth utilization and power consumption. This can be done if the notion of time was present in the model. Available tools for π-Calculus have limitations to be covered, e.g. polyadic π-Calculus has to be supported in order to be able to model process replication. Otherwise, polyadic systems have to be downgraded to monadic syntax which is unrealistic for complex systems. | ||
| + | * There have been models suggested about using π-Calculus to model QoS supervision in telecommunication networks. As our work touches the foundations of π-Calculus, we would like to see how these changes will affect the suggested models and how we can improve them. | ||
| + | * A π-Calculus model for NEMO BS has to be built as described in RFC3963. Software development of the protocol under the simulation tool and QoS enhancements should be based on this model. This is important to ensure strong analogy interrelationships between simulation measurements and the qualitative deductions made from the formal model. | ||
| + | * Depending on the interdependency between simulation and formal model verification results further studies can evolve to explain observed phenomena and try to set rules to make this relation deterministic. | ||
| - | <div class=Section1> | + | The ability to make realistic assessments of modeled systems before the implementation phase using formal model checking techniques has several advantages: |
| + | * It will be possible on basis of the qualitative attributes of the suggested model to judge whether it answers the requirements it is meant to satisfy. | ||
| + | * It allows quantitatively comparing formal models and making early choices about modifications and improvements. | ||
| + | * It shortens the software development cycle by limiting the need to go back to the model and make modifications for issues discovered after implementation. | ||
| - | <div align=center> | ||
| - | <table class=MsoTableGrid border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" | + | Simulating the Protocol |
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| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | + | |
| - | <h1><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt'>Applying Formal Methods for QoS | + | |
| - | Provisioning in Mobile Architectures<o:p></o:p></span></h1> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype | + | {{:forschung:image009.jpg|}} |
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| - | src="image007.jpg" align=right hspace=38 | + | |
| - | vspace=19 alt=komplex v:shapes="Bild_x0020_14"><![endif]><span lang=EN-US | + | |
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | + | |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This project | + | |
| - | focuses on the application of formal methods to model and manage QoS for | + | |
| - | Network Mobility. The field of network mobility is gaining ground in | + | |
| - | telecommunications because of the evolution of broadband technologies and the | + | |
| - | increasing applications that demand broadband access, e.g. connectivity in | + | |
| - | public transportation and IMS. Network Mobility is the field that considers | + | |
| - | sets of mobile devices moving together as one entity with one or more access | + | |
| - | points which are called mobile routers. These networks are standardized under | + | |
| - | the IETF-RFC3963 specification also known as NEMO Basic Support, while QoS | + | |
| - | challenges are described in IETF-RFC4980. NEMO BS is an extension to MIPv6 | + | |
| - | described under IETF-RFC3775. Mobile routers can possess multiple Radio | + | |
| - | Access Technologies (RATs) and have to perform real-time operations, e.g. | + | |
| - | handover, managing binding updates, merging/splitting mobile networks and | + | |
| - | managing QoS. The intelligent management of mobility, data streams of | + | |
| - | different QoS requirements and the available RATs makes the formalization of | + | |
| - | this problem a necessity due to its complexity. The importance of this study | + | |
| - | comes from the industry focus on network operator’s IP services, especially | + | |
| - | IMS. NEMO BS provides a solution for this system and at the same time | + | |
| - | requires investment in research to improve QoS.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | </td> | + | |
| - | </tr> | + | |
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> | + | |
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | + | |
| - | <h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang=EN-US | + | |
| - | style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Work Plan<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | + | |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This | + | |
| - | work consists of two main parts; building the formal model and simulating the | + | |
| - | NEMO protocol. These parts are to be run in parallel to achieve | + | |
| - | interdependability. This means that simulation measurements will be used to | + | |
| - | support theoretic hypothesis made by the formalized description of the QoS | + | |
| - | problem. On the other hand, formal tools have to<span style='mso-no-proof: | + | |
| - | yes'> </span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>be implemented in order | + | |
| - | to be able to incorporate extensions which in turn will allow making | + | |
| - | predictions of the behavior of the modeled system in a similar way to | + | |
| - | simulations. This means that these tools will be designed to be able to | + | |
| - | generate quantitative as well as qualitative conclusions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | </td> | + | For this purpose OPNET Modeler® is being used under university licensing. This simulator contains a huge library of standardized protocols and devices as well as commercial ones, e.g. MIPv6 and mobile routers. The hierarchical structure of components and their modular design shortens the time required to develop own devices and extend particular protocols. To complete the required infrastructure for performing simulations the following tasks are ahead: |
| - | </tr> | + | |
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> | + | |
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | + | |
| - | <h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang=EN-US | + | |
| - | style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The Formal | + | |
| - | Model<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | + | |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center'><span | + | |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:100.0pt;font-family:"Bradley Hand ITC"; | + | |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#0070C0'>π</span><b><span lang=EN-US | + | |
| - | style='font-size:28.0pt;font-family:"Script MT Bold";mso-bidi-font-family: | + | |
| - | Arial'>Calculus</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:72.0pt; | + | |
| - | font-family:"Bradley Hand ITC";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | </td> | + | |
| - | </tr> | + | {{:forschung:image011.jpg|}} |
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> | + | |
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | + | |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Π-Calculus | + | |
| - | is a modeling formality that focuses on communicating processes. It offers | + | |
| - | firm representation of connectivity and messaging using math-like | + | |
| - | expressions. Π-Calculus had initially a monadic syntax where single | + | |
| - | arguments are passed through channels. Later on, polyadic π-Calculus was | + | |
| - | introduced to allow pushing sets of arguments at once over the communication | + | |
| - | channels. Process replication was also introduced. In the higher order | + | |
| - | π-Calculus, process names can be exchanged through the channels too. | + | |
| - | Some research uses available syntax to express problems like QoS while others | + | |
| - | ground their own flavor of it by introducing modifications to the syntax like | + | |
| - | spi-Calculus which is specifically suitable for cryptology. One more example | + | |
| - | is Ambient-Calculus which concerns itself with defining computation domains | + | |
| - | or ambiences where communication between local processes happens within its | + | |
| - | boundary, ambiences can move and communication crossing the border is | + | |
| - | analogous to crossing firewalls. The extensibility, expressiveness, | + | |
| - | flexibility and firm formality of π-Calculus make it the most suitable | + | |
| - | tool for modeling communication protocols and prototypes of enhancements. | + | |
| - | This work aims to make further contributions to π-Calculus in order to | + | |
| - | achieve the following:</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt; | + | |
| - | font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:DE;mso-no-proof:yes'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | + | |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | + | * Create a multi-RAT router on which the NEMO BS protocol is going to be run. Multiple RAT interfaces are necessary to study the effect of access technology switching on ongoing data sessions and to test possible QoS enhancements and strategies. This router shares its network layer between the different RATs by setting MIPv6 on top of Link Layer (LL) and Radio Resource Control (RRC) layers of available RATs. Each RAT will have its own physical, MAC, LL, Radio Link Control (RLC) and RRC of its own. On top of MIPv6 NEMO BS is going to be implemented. This structure allows for unified session management and QoS control. For this research, WiFi, WiMAX and LTE are going to be the RATs of our mobile routers. |
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span | + | * Create core-network components that will provide the required messaging to perform handover and domain administration. These components are described in 3GPP-23.401 and 3GPP-23.402. These specifications describe network structure for different scenarios (homing or visiting) in addition to mobility management, network selection, network access strategies and QoS provisioning. |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | + | * NEMO BS has to be modeled using our extensions of π-Calculus. Afterwards, the protocol can be implemented for simulation based on the prototyped model. This has to be done in this order because strong interdependency between simulation and formalization is required for further study purposes. |
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | + | * Extend MIPv6 to include NEMO BS as described in RFC3963 and according to the prototyped π-Calculus model. To allow code-reuse NEMO BS will be written above an abstraction layer that will integrate it with OPNET. |
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | + | * Integrate the NEMO BS extension with OPNET. At this point, full functionality of NEMO BS should be available for testing. |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | + | * Create test scenarios for use with simulations. These scenarios will be based on the use cases described in 3GPP-22.259. This document describes use-cases for PANs in IMS for which NEMO BS represents a suitable solution. This particular approach has been chosen in order to keep a close to industry requirements. |
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Π-Calculus is | + | * Collect baseline measurements against which QoS improvements are going to be evaluated. |
| - | founded on the principle of state automata. Consequently, processes in | + | * Modify the implementation of NEMO BS to propagate the QoS improvements made using the π-Calculus based model and collect simulation measurements. These measurements will be compared with the baseline results to assess the improvements. In addition, they will be semantically compared to the quantitative attributes of the QoS improved model to see how these results match or differ. |
| - | π-Calculus interact and switch their states upon reception of messages | + | |
| - | over communication channels, which means that message reception among | + | |
| - | processes triggers the interaction and causes the system to evolve. However, | + | |
| - | modeling real-world systems needs more than that. The notion of time is | + | |
| - | currently unavailable in the syntax of π-Calculus, which makes it | + | |
| - | unsuitable for performing simulations in which particular events take place | + | |
| - | at certain points of time, e.g. time-out events. In this work we aim to | + | |
| - | introduce a new component in the syntax of π-Calculus to enable it to | + | |
| - | model timed events.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | + | |
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span | + | |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | + | |
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | + | |
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | + | |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | + | |
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Π-Calculus is | + | |
| - | suitable for deducing qualitative conclusions about processes’ interaction | + | |
| - | and states. However, more meaningful verification results can be made when | + | |
| - | quantitative conclusions are made from the π-Calculus model such as | + | |
| - | bandwidth utilization and power consumption. This can be done if the notion | + | |
| - | of time was present in the model. Available tools for π-Calculus have | + | |
| - | limitations to be covered, e.g. polyadic π-Calculus has to be supported | + | |
| - | in order to be able to model process replication. Otherwise, polyadic systems | + | |
| - | have to be downgraded to monadic syntax which is unrealistic for complex | + | |
| - | systems.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | + | |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>There have been | ||
| - | models suggested about using π-Calculus to model QoS supervision in | ||
| - | telecommunication networks. As our work touches the foundations of | ||
| - | π-Calculus, we would like to see how these changes will affect the | ||
| - | suggested models and how we can improve them.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A π-Calculus | ||
| - | model for NEMO BS has to be built as described in RFC3963. Software | ||
| - | development of the protocol under the simulation tool and QoS enhancements | ||
| - | should be based on this model. This is important to ensure strong analogy | ||
| - | interrelationships between simulation measurements and the qualitative | ||
| - | deductions made from the formal model.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> | ||
| - | </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Depending on the | ||
| - | interdependency between simulation and formal model verification results | ||
| - | further studies can evolve to explain observed phenomena and try to set rules | ||
| - | to make this relation deterministic.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The | ||
| - | ability to make realistic assessments of modeled systems before the | ||
| - | implementation phase using formal model checking techniques has several | ||
| - | advantages:<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It will be possible | ||
| - | on basis of the qualitative attributes of the suggested model to judge | ||
| - | whether it answers the requirements it is meant to satisfy.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | |||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It allows | ||
| - | quantitatively comparing formal models and making early choices about | ||
| - | modifications and improvements.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It shortens the | ||
| - | software development cycle by limiting the need to go back to the model and | ||
| - | make modifications for issues discovered after implementation.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | |||
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'> | ||
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | ||
| - | <h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Simulating | ||
| - | the Protocol<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center'><b><span | ||
| - | style='font-size:48.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
| - | Aharoni;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:DE;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape | ||
| - | id="Bild_x0020_15" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:231pt; | ||
| - | height:45.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> | ||
| - | <v:imagedata src="image008.png" o:title=""/> | ||
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=308 height=61 | ||
| - | src="image009.jpg" v:shapes="Bild_x0020_15"><![endif]></span></b><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; | ||
| - | mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></h2> | ||
| - | |||
| - | </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'> | ||
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For this | ||
| - | purpose OPNET Modeler® is being used under university licensing. This | ||
| - | simulator contains a huge library of standardized protocols and devices as | ||
| - | well as commercial ones, e.g. MIPv6 and mobile routers. The hierarchical | ||
| - | structure of components and their modular design shortens the time required | ||
| - | to develop own devices and extend particular protocols. To complete the | ||
| - | required infrastructure for performing simulations the following tasks are | ||
| - | ahead:</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:1.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | "Times New Roman";color:black;background:black;mso-ansi-language:X-NONE; | ||
| - | mso-fareast-language:X-NONE;mso-bidi-language:X-NONE;layout-grid-mode:line'> </span><span | ||
| - | style='font-size:1.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; | ||
| - | background:black;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:X-NONE;mso-bidi-language: | ||
| - | X-NONE;layout-grid-mode:line'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'> | ||
| - | |||
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | ||
| - | <h2 align=center style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center;mso-outline-level: | ||
| - | 2'><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape id="Bild_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_s1054" | ||
| - | type="#_x0000_t75" alt="architecture_lrg" style='position:absolute;left:0; | ||
| - | text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:-118.45pt;width:306pt;height:358.5pt; | ||
| - | z-index:1;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square; | ||
| - | mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; | ||
| - | mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; | ||
| - | mso-position-horizontal:center;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; | ||
| - | mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> | ||
| - | <v:imagedata src="image010.gif" o:title="architecture_lrg"/> | ||
| - | <w:wrap type="topAndBottom"/> | ||
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=408 height=478 | ||
| - | src="image011.jpg" alt="architecture_lrg" v:shapes="Bild_x0020_18"><![endif]><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br | ||
| - | style='mso-ignore:vglayout' clear=ALL> | ||
| - | <span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; | ||
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";color:#548DD4;mso-themecolor:text2; | ||
| - | mso-themetint:153;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA;font-weight: | ||
| - | normal;font-style:normal'>Copyright OPNET Technologies, Inc.®<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | ||
| - | </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7'> | ||
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:1.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; | ||
| - | color:black;background:black;mso-fareast-language:X-NONE;mso-bidi-language: | ||
| - | X-NONE;layout-grid-mode:line'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | |||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Create a multi-RAT | ||
| - | router on which the NEMO BS protocol is going to be run. Multiple RAT | ||
| - | interfaces are necessary to study the effect of access technology switching | ||
| - | on ongoing data sessions and to test possible QoS enhancements and | ||
| - | strategies. This router shares its network layer between the different RATs | ||
| - | by setting MIPv6 on top of Link Layer (LL) and Radio Resource Control (RRC) | ||
| - | layers of available RATs. Each RAT will have its own physical, MAC, LL, Radio | ||
| - | Link Control (RLC) and RRC of its own. On top of MIPv6 NEMO BS is going to be | ||
| - | implemented. This structure allows for unified session management and QoS | ||
| - | control. For this research, WiFi, WiMAX and UMTS are going to be the RATs of | ||
| - | our mobile routers.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Create core-network | ||
| - | components that will provide the required messaging to perform handover and | ||
| - | domain administration. These components are described in 3GPP-23.401 and | ||
| - | 3GPP-23.402. These specifications describe network structure for different | ||
| - | scenarios (homing or visiting) in addition to mobility management, network | ||
| - | selection, network access strategies and QoS provisioning.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | |||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>NEMO BS has to be | ||
| - | modeled using our extensions of π-Calculus. Afterwards, the protocol can | ||
| - | be implemented for simulation based on the prototyped model. This has to be | ||
| - | done in this order because strong interdependency between simulation and | ||
| - | formalization is required for further study purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Extend MIPv6 to | ||
| - | include NEMO BS as described in RFC3963 and according to the prototyped | ||
| - | π-Calculus model. To allow code-reuse NEMO BS will be written above an | ||
| - | abstraction layer that will integrate it with OPNET.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Integrate the NEMO | ||
| - | BS extension with OPNET. At this point, full functionality of NEMO BS should | ||
| - | be available for testing.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | |||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Create test | ||
| - | scenarios for use with simulations. These scenarios will be based on the use | ||
| - | cases described in 3GPP-22.259. This document describes use-cases for PANs in | ||
| - | IMS for which NEMO BS represents a suitable solution. This particular | ||
| - | approach has been chosen in order to keep a close to industry requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Collect baseline | ||
| - | measurements against which QoS improvements are going to be evaluated.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; | ||
| - | margin-left:17.85pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: | ||
| - | Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span | ||
| - | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         | ||
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Modify the | ||
| - | implementation of NEMO BS to propagate the QoS improvements made using the π-Calculus | ||
| - | based model and collect simulation measurements. These measurements will be | ||
| - | compared with the baseline results to assess the improvements. In addition, | ||
| - | they will be semantically compared to the quantitative attributes of the QoS | ||
| - | improved model to see how these results match or differ.<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | |||
| - | <h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;mso-outline-level:2'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></h2> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language: | ||
| - | EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'> | ||
| - | <td width="100%" colspan=3 valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | ||
| - | <h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Contact<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:1.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; | ||
| - | color:black;background:black;mso-fareast-language:X-NONE;mso-bidi-language: | ||
| - | X-NONE;layout-grid-mode:line'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | |||
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| - | <td width="33%" style='width:33.34%;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | ||
| - | border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;mso-border-left-alt: | ||
| - | solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: | ||
| - | 0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:11.0pt'>Kamal Barakat<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:1.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; | ||
| - | color:black;background:black;mso-fareast-language:X-NONE;mso-bidi-language: | ||
| - | X-NONE;layout-grid-mode:line'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> | ||
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| - | <td width="33%" style='width:33.34%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | ||
| - | border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none; | ||
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| - | padding:0cm 2.0cm 0cm 2.0cm'> | ||
| - | |||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt'><a | ||
| - | href="mailto:Barakat@embedded.rwth-aachen.de">barakat [at] embedded [dot] | ||
| - | rwth-aachen [dot] de</a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:1.0pt; | ||
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;background:black; | ||
| - | mso-fareast-language:X-NONE;mso-bidi-language:X-NONE;layout-grid-mode:line'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
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| - | border-left:none;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | ||
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| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US | ||
| - | style='font-size:11.0pt'>Tel. +49 (241) 80 21171<o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center'><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt'>Fax +49 (241) 80 22150</span><span | ||
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:1.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; | ||
| - | color:black;background:black;mso-fareast-language:X-NONE;mso-bidi-language: | ||
| - | X-NONE;layout-grid-mode:line'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | ||
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